# Tunable free energy and heat flux between two-dimensional materials

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how the free energy and heat flux between layered two-dimensional materials like graphene and MoS2 can be tuned by layer arrangement and external gate voltage, with implications for infrared detection.

## Contribution

It introduces a method to tune free energy and heat flux in layered 2D materials using layer order and external voltage, and demonstrates enhanced photon heat tunneling in specific configurations.

## Key findings

- Heat flux depends on layer order and thickness.
- Gate voltage can tune the free energy via dielectric constant changes.
- Photon heat tunneling is significantly amplified in three-body configurations.

## Abstract

We study the free energy across a stratified media made by graphene (G) and/or molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The flux depends not only on the number of G/MoS2 layers but also on the priority of graphene layer respect to MoS2 layer in the media. The rule is; the thinner layer should be the nearest neighborhood of leftmost and rightmost sides of the media for getting the highest energy flux. The free energy can be tuned by applying an external gate voltage to MoS2 layers due to the tunable property of the dielectric constant of MoS2 by the gate voltage. Also we show in the silicon/MoS2/silicon three-body configuration, the photon heat tunneling is amplified significantly due to the increasing the number of the coupled modes. Due to the amplifying effect, this mechanism could be exploited to improving detection ability in the near infrared detection systems.