# Effects of an eccentric inner Jupiter on the dynamical evolution of icy body reservoirs in a planetary scattering scenario

## TL;DR

This study uses N-body simulations to explore how a single eccentric Jupiter-mass planet influences the dynamical evolution of icy bodies, revealing conditions under which their orbits flip from prograde to retrograde.

## Contribution

It provides new insights into the orbital flipping mechanisms of small bodies caused by eccentric giant planets in planetary scattering scenarios.

## Key findings

- Particles can flip orbits regardless of initial eccentricity.
- Libration of inclination and node longitude are synchronized and phase-shifted.
- Higher giant planet eccentricity lowers the initial inclination threshold for orbit flipping.

## Abstract

We analyze the process of planetary scattering around M0-type stars. To do this, we carry out N-body simulations with three Jupiter-mass planets close to their instability limit together with an outer planetesimal disk. This paper focuses on the analysis of systems in which a single Jupiter-mass planet survives after the dynamical instability event. The small body reservoirs show different dynamical behaviors. In fact, our simulations produce particles on prograde and retrograde orbits, as well as particles whose orbital plane flips from prograde to retrograde and back again along their evolution. Such particles are called "Type-F particles". We find strong correlations between the inclination $i$ and the ascending node longitude $\Omega$ of such particles. First, $\Omega$ librates around 90$^{\circ}$ or/and 270$^{\circ}$. This property is very important since it represents a necessary and sufficient condition for the flipping of an orbit. Moreover, the libration periods of $i$ and $\Omega$ are equal and they are out to phase by a quarter period. We also remark that the larger the libration amplitude of $i$, the larger the libration amplitude of $\Omega$. Finally, we analyze the initial conditions of Type-F particles of all our simulations immediately after the dynamical instability event, when a single Jupiter-mass planet survives in the system. We carry out this study with the goal to determine the parameter space that lead to the flipping of an orbit. Our results suggest that the orbit of a test particle can flip for any value of its initial eccentricity, although we found only two Type-F particles with initial inclinations $i <$ 17$^{\circ}$. Moreover, our study indicates that the minimum value of the inclination of the Type-F particles in a given system decreases with an increase in the eccentricity of the giant planet.