# An exploration of heating mechanisms in a supra-arcade plasma sheet formed after a coronal mass ejection

## TL;DR

This study investigates the heating mechanisms in the plasma sheet above post-eruption flare loops, focusing on the role of supra-arcade downflows (SADs) and their contribution to local plasma heating during a solar flare event.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis linking SADs to local plasma heating through adiabatic compression and viscous effects in the supra-arcade region.

## Key findings

- SADs are associated with increased plasma temperatures.
- Adiabatic compression from SADs contributes significantly to local heating.
- Additional global heating mechanisms are suggested to maintain high plasma temperatures.

## Abstract

We perform a detailed analysis of the thermal structure of the region above the post-eruption arcade for a flare that occurred on 2011 October 22. During this event, a sheet of hot plasma is visible above the flare loops in the 131 \AA\ bandpass of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the {\it Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)}. Supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are observed traveling sunward through the post-eruption plasma sheet. We calculate differential emission measures using the AIA data and derive an emission measure weighted average temperature in the supra-arcade region. In areas where many SADs occur, the temperature of the supra-arcade plasma tends to increase, while in areas where no SADs are observed, the temperature tends to decrease. We calculate the plane-of-sky velocities in the supra-arcade plasma and use them to calculate the potential heating due to adiabatic compression and viscous heating. Ten of the 13 SADs studied have noticeable signatures in both the adiabatic and the viscous terms. The adiabatic heating due to compression of plasma in front of the SADs is on the order of 0.1 - 0.2 MK/s, which is similar in magnitude to the estimated conductive cooling rate. This result supports the notion that SADs contribute locally to the heating of plasma in the supra-arcade region. We also find that in the region without SADs, the plasma cools at a rate slower than the estimated conductive cooling, indicating additional heating mechanisms may act globally to keep the plasma temperature high.