# Puzzling evidence for surface superconductivity in the layered dichalcogenide Cu$_{10\%}$TiSe$_2$

## TL;DR

This study reveals persistent surface superconductivity in Cu$_{10 ext{\%}}$TiSe$_2$ single crystals, observable beyond the bulk upper critical field, regardless of magnetic field orientation, challenging conventional understanding of layered superconductors.

## Contribution

It provides experimental evidence and theoretical modeling of surface superconductivity persisting above the bulk critical field in a layered dichalcogenide.

## Key findings

- Superconductivity persists above the bulk upper critical field in transport measurements.
- Surface superconductivity is present for all magnetic field orientations.
- The temperature dependence of the surface effect is orientation-independent.

## Abstract

We report on specific heat and magnetotransport measurements performed on superconducting Cu$_{10\%}$TiSe$_2$ single crystals. We show that superconductivity persists in transport measurements up to magnetic fields $H_R$ well above the upper critical field $H_{c2}$ deduced from the calorimetric measurements. Surprisingly this "surface" superconductivity is present for all magnetic field orientations, either parallel or perpendicular to the layers. For $H\|ab$, the temperature dependence of the $H_R/H_{c2}$ ratio can be well reproduced by solving the Ginzburg-Landau equations in presence of a surface layer with reduced superconducting properties. Unexpectedly this temperature dependence does not depend on the field orientation.