# On the Accuracy of Equivalent Antenna Representations

## TL;DR

This paper evaluates the accuracy of near-field and far-field equivalent antenna representations in large-scale simulations, highlighting their variability and providing guidelines for optimal choice in industrial antenna applications.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive assessment of equivalent antenna representations' accuracy and offers practical recommendations for their use in large-scale antenna modeling.

## Key findings

- Root-mean-square far-field error is 4.4% for the best representation.
- Design parameters significantly influence accuracy with far-field sources.
- Accuracy varies with the numerical method used and configuration.

## Abstract

The accuracy of two equivalent antenna representations, near-field sources and far-field sources, are evaluated for an antenna installed on a simplified platform in a series of case studies using different configurations of equivalent antenna representations. The accuracy is evaluated in terms of installed far-fields and surface currents on the platform. The results show large variations between configurations. The root-mean-square installed far-field error is 4.4% for the most accurate equivalent representation. When using far-field sources, the design parameters have a large influence of the achieved accuracy. There is also a varying accuracy depending on the type of numerical method used. Based on the results, some recommendations on the choice of sub-domain for the equivalent antenna representation are given. In industrial antenna applications, the accuracy in determining e.g. installed far-fields and antenna isolation on large platforms are critical. Equivalent representations can reduce the fine-detail complexity of antennas and thus give an efficient numerical descriptions to be used in large-scale simulations. The results in this paper can be used as a guideline by antenna designers or system engineers when using equivalent sources.