# Kinematics of Subluminous O and B Stars by Surface Helium Abundance

## TL;DR

This study analyzes the kinematics of 88 hot subdwarf stars with varying surface helium abundances to determine their galactic population memberships, revealing distinct kinematic behaviors among helium-deficient and helium-rich groups.

## Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive kinematic analysis of hot subdwarfs categorized by surface helium abundance, linking their chemical properties to galactic population membership.

## Key findings

- Helium-deficient subdwarfs mainly belong to the thick disk.
- Helium-rich subdwarfs show diverse kinematic distributions.
- Some helium-rich subdwarfs are likely halo members.

## Abstract

The majority of hot subdwarf stars are low-mass core-helium-burning stars. Their atmospheres are generally helium deficient; however a minority have extremely helium-rich surfaces. An additional fraction have an intermediate surface-helium abundance, occasionally accompanied by peculiar abundances of other elements. We have identified a sample of 88 hot subdwarfs including 38 helium-deficient, 27 intermediate-helium and 23 extreme-helium stars for which radial-velocity and proper-motion measurements, together with distances, allow a calculation of Galactic space velocities. We have investigated the kinematics of these three groups to determine whether they belong to similar or different galactic populations. The majority of helium-deficient subdwarfs in our sample show a kinematic distribution similar to that of thick disk stars. Helium-rich sdBs show a more diverse kinematic distribution. Although the majority are probably disk stars, a minority show a much higher velocity dispersion consistent with membership of a Galactic halo population. Several of the halo subd- warfs are members of the class of "heavy-metal" subdwarfs discovered by Naslim et al. (2011, 2013).