# Robust Guaranteed-Cost Adaptive Quantum Phase Estimation

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a robust guaranteed-cost filter for real-time quantum phase estimation that outperforms traditional Kalman filters and heterodyne measurements under model uncertainties, enhancing precision in quantum metrology.

## Contribution

It develops a novel robust filter that minimizes worst-case variance for uncertain quantum phase models, outperforming existing methods in real-time estimation scenarios.

## Key findings

- Outperforms Kalman filter in worst-case scenarios
- Provides better results than heterodyne measurements under uncertainty
- Optimizes quantum efficiency and noise power in estimation

## Abstract

Quantum parameter estimation plays a key role in many fields like quantum computation, communication and metrology. Optimal estimation allows one to achieve the most precise parameter estimates, but requires accurate knowledge of the model. Any inevitable uncertainty in the model parameters may heavily degrade the quality of the estimate. It is therefore desired to make the estimation process robust to such uncertainties. Robust estimation was previously studied for a varying phase, where the goal was to estimate the phase at some time in the past, using the measurement results from both before and after that time within a fixed time interval up to current time. Here, we consider a robust guaranteed-cost filter yielding robust estimates of a varying phase in real time, where the current phase is estimated using only past measurements. Our filter minimizes the largest (worst-case) variance in the allowable range of the uncertain model parameter(s) and this determines its guaranteed cost. It outperforms in the worst case the optimal Kalman filter designed for the model with no uncertainty, that corresponds to the center of the possible range of the uncertain parameter(s). Moreover, unlike the Kalman filter, our filter in the worst case always performs better than the best achievable variance for heterodyne measurements, that we consider as the tolerable threshold for our system. Furthermore, we consider effective quantum efficiency and effective noise power, and show that our filter provides the best results by these measures in the worst case.