# Instantaneous GNSS attitude determination: A Monte Carlo sampling approach

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new real-time GNSS attitude determination method using Monte Carlo sampling and the LAMBDA technique, achieving perfect success rates for ultra-short baselines with single-frequency data.

## Contribution

It presents a novel approach combining Monte Carlo sampling with LAMBDA for instantaneous GNSS attitude determination using only single-frequency measurements.

## Key findings

- Achieves 100% success rate for ultra-short baselines.
- Employs Monte Carlo sampling to estimate ambiguity probability density functions.
- Utilizes a screening-enhanced LAMBDA method for integer ambiguity resolution.

## Abstract

A novel instantaneous GNSS ambiguity resolution approach which makes use of only single-frequency carrier phase measurements for ultra-short baseline attitude determination is proposed. The Monte Carlo sampling method is employed to obtain the probability density function of ambiguities from a quaternion-based GNSS-attitude model and the LAMBDA method strengthened with a screening mechanism is then utilized to fix the integer values. Experimental results show that 100% success rate could be achieved for ultra-short baselines.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1701.01792