On the Run: mapping the escape speed across the Galaxy with SDSS

TL;DR

This study measures the Galaxy's escape speed variation across 40 kpc, constraining its mass and dark halo properties, and explores the orbital characteristics of high-speed dwarf galaxies.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method to estimate the Galactic mass by measuring escape speed variation, offering different systematics from traditional tracer-based models.

Findings

Local escape speed is approximately 521 km/s.

Escape speed decreases to about 379 km/s at 50 kpc.

The total mass within 50 kpc is estimated at 2.9 x 10^{11} solar masses.

Abstract

We measure the variation of the escape speed of the Galaxy across a range of $\sim$ 40 kpc in Galactocentric radius. The local escape speed is found to be $521^{+46}_{-30}\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$, in good agreement with other studies. We find that this has already fallen to $379^{+34}_{-28}\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$ at a radius of 50 kpc. Through measuring the escape speed and its variation, we obtain constraints on the Galactic potential as a whole. In particular, the gradient in the escape speed with radius suggests that the total mass contained within 50 kpc is $29^{+7}_{-5}\times10^{10}\mathrm{M}_\odot$, implying a relatively light dark halo for the Milky Way. Our method represents a novel way of estimating the mass of the Galaxy, and has very different systematics to more commonly used models of tracers, which are more sensitive to the central parts of the halo velocity distributions. Using our inference on the escape speed, we then investigate the orbits of high-speed Milky Way dwarf galaxies. For each dwarf we consider, we predict small pericenter radii and large orbital eccentricities. This naturally explains the large observed ellipticities of two of the dwarfs, which are likely to have been heavily disrupted as they passed through pericenter.