Charging and Discharging of Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Systems: A Cyber Insurance-Based Model

TL;DR

This paper proposes a cyber insurance-based model for PEVs in V2G systems, enabling optimal charging/discharging decisions and risk management despite communication failures or cyber attacks.

Contribution

It introduces a novel cyber insurance approach to mitigate information unavailability in V2G systems and formulates an optimal decision-making framework using reinforcement learning.

Findings

Cyber insurance improves PEV revenue and risk management.

The proposed learning algorithm effectively optimizes charging/discharging decisions.

Simulation results validate the efficiency of the insurance-based approach.

Abstract

In addition to being environment-friendly, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems can help the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) users in reducing their energy costs and can also help stabilizing energy demand in the power grid. In V2G systems, since the PEV users need to obtain system information (e.g., locations of charging/discharging stations, current load and supply of the power grid) to achieve the best charging and discharging performance, data communication plays a crucial role. However, since the PEV users are highly mobile, information from V2G systems is not always available for many reasons, e.g., wireless link failures and cyber attacks. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a novel concept using cyber insurance to "transfer" cyber risks, e.g., unavailable information, of a PEV user to a third party, e.g., a cyber insurance company. Under the insurance coverage, even without information about V2G systems, a PEV user is always guaranteed the best price for charging/discharging. In particular, we formulate the optimal energy cost problem for the PEV user by adopting a Markov decision process framework. We then propose a learning algorithm to help the PEV user make optimal decisions, e.g., to charge or discharge and to buy or not to buy insurance, in an online fashion. Through simulations, we show that cyber insurance is an efficient solution not only in dealing with cyber risks, but also in maximizing revenue of the PEV user.