Ionisation in Turbulent Magnetic Molecular Clouds I. Effect on Density and Mass-to-Flux Ratio Structures

TL;DR

This study investigates how turbulence and ionisation affect the structure and formation of filaments in magnetised molecular clouds, revealing the influence of ionisation models and turbulence levels on filament properties and mass-to-flux ratios.

Contribution

It extends previous work by incorporating turbulence and non-ideal MHD effects to analyze filament formation and structure in ionised molecular clouds.

Findings

Filamentary structures persist even with minimal turbulence.

High turbulence (Mach > 2) reduces differences between ionisation models.

Observed filaments match models with supercritical mass-to-flux ratios and mild turbulence.

Abstract

Previous studies show that the physical structures and kinematics of a region depend significantly on the ionisation fraction. In this paper, we extend our previous studies of the effect of ionisation fractions on star formation to clouds that include both non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics and turbulence. We aim to quantify the importance of a treatment of the ionisation fraction in turbulent magnetised media and investigate the effect of turbulence on shaping the clouds and filaments before star formation sets in. In particular, we investigate how the structure, mass and width of filamentary structures depend on the amount of turbulence in ionised media and the initial mass-to-flux ratio. We compare the resulting density and mass-to-flux ratio structures both qualitatively and quantitatively via filament and core masses and filament fitting techniques (Gaussian and Plummer profiles.) We find that even with almost no turbulence, filamentary structure still exists. Comparison of simulations show that for turbulent Mach numbers above 2, there is little structural difference between the Step-Like (SL) and Cosmic Ray only (CR-only) ionisation models, while below this threshold the ionisation structure significantly affects the formation of filaments. Analysis of the mass within cores and filaments show decrease in mass as the degree of turbulence increases. Finally, observed filaments within the Taurus L1495/B213 complex are best reproduced by models with supercritical mass-to-flux ratios and/or at least mildly supersonic turbulence, however, our models show that sterile fibres observed within Taurus may occur in highly ionised, subcritical environments. Based on this, we suggest that regions with fertile fibres likely indicate a trans- or supercritical mass-to-flux ratio within the region while sterile fibres are likely subcritical and transient.