Many cliques in $H$-free subgraphs of random graphs

TL;DR

This paper investigates the maximum number of copies of a complete graph in $H$-free subgraphs of random graphs, revealing phase transitions depending on the relation between parameters and introducing a new graph construction.

Contribution

It characterizes the behavior of $ex(G(n,p),K_m,H)$ based on $m_2(H)$ and constructs new graphs with specific $m_2$ properties, advancing understanding of extremal subgraph counts.

Findings

Behavior changes at $p=n^{-1/m_2(H)}$ depending on $m_2(H)$ and $m_2(K_m)$

When $m_2(H)> m_2(K_m)$, high probability either preserves most $K_m$ or is $ ext{chi}(H)-1$ partite

New graph constructions for each $k \\geq 4$ with $m_2$ tending to a specific limit

Abstract

For two fixed graphs $T$ and $H$ let $ex(G(n,p),T,H)$ be the random variable counting the maximum number of copies of $T$ in an $H$-free subgraph of the random graph $G(n,p)$. We show that for the case $T=K_m$ and $\chi(H)> m$ the behavior of $ex(G(n,p),K_m,H)$ depends strongly on the relation between $p$ and $m_2(H)=\max_{H'\subset H, |V(H')|'\geq 3}\left\{ \frac{e(H')-1}{v(H')-2} \right\}$. When $m_2(H)> m_2(K_m)$ we prove that with high probability, depending on the value of $p$, either one can maintain almost all copies of $K_m$, or it is asymptotically best to take a $\chi(H)-1$ partite subgraph of $G(n,p)$. The transition between these two behaviors occurs at $p=n^{-1/m_2(H)}$. When $m_2(H)< m_2(K_m)$ we show that the above cases still exist, however for $\delta>0$ small at $p=n^{-1/m_2(H)+\delta}$ one can typically still keep most of the copies of $K_m$ in an $H$-free subgraph of $G(n,p)$. Thus, the transition between the two behaviors in this case occurs at some $p$ significantly bigger than $n^{-1/m_2(H)}$. To show that the second case is not redundant we present a construction which may be of independent interest. For each $k \geq 4$ we construct a family of $k$ chromatic graphs $G(k,\epsilon_i)$ where $m_2(G(k,\epsilon_i))$ tends to $\frac{(k+1)(k-2)}{2(k-1)} (< m_2(K_{k-1}))$ as $i$ tends to infinity. This is tight for all values of $k$