On distilling secure key from reducible private states and (non)existence of entangled key-undistillable states

TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties of irreducible private states, introduces a protocol for distilling key from both key and shield parts, and explores the existence of entangled key-undistillable states, providing bounds and classifications.

Contribution

It presents the first protocol for key distillation from both parts of reducible private states and establishes a connection between irreducibility and the existence of entangled key-undistillable states.

Findings

Protocol distills key from key and shield parts of reducible private states.

Tighter upper bounds on protocol performance using regularized relative entropy.

All irreducible private states in 4x4 dimensions are strictly irreducible.

Abstract

Hereunder, we study the class of irreducible private states that are private states from which all the secret content is accessible via measuring their key part. We provide the first protocol which distills key not only from the key part, but also from the shield if only the state is reducible. We prove also a tighter upper bound on the performance of that protocol, given in terms of regularized relative entropy of entanglement instead of relative entropy of entanglement previously known. This implies in particular that the irreducible private states are all strictly irreducible if and only if the entangled but key-undistillable states ("entangled key-undistilable states") exist. In turn, all the irreducible private states of the dimension $4\otimes 4$ are strictly irreducible, that is, after an attack on the key part they become separable. Provided the bound key states exist, we consider different subclasses of the irreducible private states and their properties. Finally we provide a lower bound on the trace norm distance between key-undistillable states and private states, in sufficiently high dimensions.