Eroding dipoles and vorticity growth for Euler flows in $ \scriptstyle{\mathbb{R}}^3$: The hairpin geometry as a model for finite-time blowup

TL;DR

This paper develops a theoretical model of a hairpin vortex dipole in 3D Euler flows, suggesting it could lead to finite-time vorticity blowup, by extending previous axisymmetric studies and analyzing complex vortex structures.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized PDE system for hairpin vortex structures, exploring their potential for finite-time singularity formation in three-dimensional Euler flows.

Findings

Model suggests possibility of finite-time vorticity blowup.

Analysis indicates axial flow influences solution existence.

Examples of propagating dipoles support the model's relevance.

Abstract

A theory of an eroding "hairpin" vortex dipole structure in three dimensions is developed, extending our previous study of an axisymmetric eroding dipole without swirl. The hairpin is here similarly proposed as a model to produce large "self-stretching" of vorticity, with the possibility of finite-time blow-up. We derive a system of partial differential equations of "generalized" form, involving contour averaging of a locally two-dimensional Euler flow. We do not attempt here to solve the system exactly, but point out that non-existence of physically acceptable solutions would most probably be a result of the axial flow. Because of the axial flow the vorticity distribution within the dipole eddies is no longer of the simple Sadovskii type (vorticity constant over a cross-section) obtained in the axisymmetric problem. Thus the solution of the system depends upon the existence of a larger class of propagating two-dimensional dipoles. The hairpin model is obtained by formal asymptotic analysis. As in the axisymmetric problem a local transformation to "shrinking" coordinates is introduced, but now in a self-similar form appropriate to the study of a possible finite-time singularity. We discuss some properties of the model, including a study of the helicity and a first step in iterating toward a solution from the Sadovskii structure. We also present examples of two-dimensional propagating dipoles not previously studied, which have a vorticity profile consistent with our model. Although no rigorous results can be given, and analysis of the system is only partial, the formal calculations are consistent with the possibility of a finite time blowup of vorticity at a point of vanishing circulation of the dipole eddies, but depending upon the existence of the necessary two-dimensional propagating dipole.