Regular dependence of the Peierls barriers on perturbations

TL;DR

This paper establishes the Hölder regularity of Peierls barriers with respect to perturbations in area-preserving twist maps and discusses implications for invariant circle breakup.

Contribution

It proves that Peierls barriers are 1/3-Hölder continuous in the perturbation parameter for a broad class of twist maps, extending understanding of their stability.

Findings

Peierls barriers are 1/3-Hölder continuous in the $C^1$ norm of the map.

Results apply to Lagrangians with one and a half degrees of freedom.

Open and dense set of invariant circle breakups are characterized.

Abstract

Let $f$ be an exact area-preserving monotone twist diffeomorphism of the infinite cylinder and $P_{\omega,f}(\xi)$ be the associated Peierls barrier. In this paper, we give the H\"{o}lder regularity of $P_{\omega,f}(\xi)$ with respect to the parameter $f$. In fact, we prove that if the rotation symbol $\omega\in (\mathbb{R}\setminus\mathbb{Q})\bigcup(\mathbb{Q}+)\bigcup(\mathbb{Q}-)$, then $P_{\omega,f}(\xi)$ is $1/3$-H\"{o}lder continuous in $f$, i.e. $$|P_{\omega,f'}(\xi)-P_{\omega,f}(\xi)|\leq C\|f'-f\|_{C^1}^{1/3} ,~~\forall \xi\in\mathbb{R}$$ where $C$ is a constant. Similar results also hold for the Lagrangians with one and a half degrees of freedom. As application, we give an open and dense result about the breakup of invariant circles.