A Gating Grid Driver for Time Projection Chambers

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel, fast, low-noise driver system for the gating grid of a Time Projection Chamber, enabling rapid switching with minimal pickup noise and detailed circuit analysis and testing results.

Contribution

A new gating grid driver system using MOSFET switches is developed, achieving rapid opening and closing times with low noise for TPCs.

Findings

The driver opens the gating grid in less than 0.20 microseconds in simulations.

Experimental tests show an opening time of 0.35 microseconds.

The system can close the gating grid within 3 microseconds, restoring 99% of charges.

Abstract

A simple but novel driver system has been developed to operate the wire gating grid of a Time Projection Chamber (TPC). This system connects the wires of the gating grid to its driver via low impedance transmission lines. When the gating grid is open, all wires have the same voltage allowing drift electrons, produced by the ionization of the detector gas molecules, to pass through to the anode wires. When the grid is closed, the wires have alternating higher and lower voltages causing the drift electrons to terminate at the more positive wires. Rapid opening of the gating grid with low pickup noise is achieved by quickly shorting the positive and negative wires to attain the average bias potential with N-type and P-type MOSFET switches. The circuit analysis and simulation software SPICE shows that the driver restores the gating grid voltage to 90% of the opening voltage in less than 0.20 $\mu$s. When tested in the experimental environment of a time projection chamber larger termination resistors were chosen so that the driver opens the gating grid in 0.35 $\mu$s. In each case, opening time is basically characterized by the RC constant given by the resistance of the switches and terminating resistors and the capacitance of the gating grid and its transmission line. By adding a second pair of N-type and P-type MOSFET switches, the gating grid is closed by restoring 99% of the original charges to the wires within 3 $\mu$s.