A comparative study of discrete velocity methods for rarefied gas flows

TL;DR

This paper compares the performance of the discrete unified gas-kinetic scheme (DUGKS) and Godunov DVM in simulating rarefied gas flows, highlighting their accuracy, efficiency, and suitability across different flow regimes.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of DUGKS and GDVM performance across flow regimes, emphasizing DUGKS's advantages in hydrodynamic regimes and implicit DVM's benefits in highly rarefied flows.

Findings

DUGKS is more efficient than GDVM in hydrodynamic regimes.

DUGKS maintains second-order accuracy across all flow regimes.

Implicit DVM is preferable for highly rarefied gas flow steady-state solutions.

Abstract

In the study of rarefied gas dynamics, the discrete velocity method (DVM) has been widely employed to solve the gas kinetic equations. Although various versions of DVM have been developed, their performance, in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, is yet to be compreheively studied in the whole flow regime. Here, the traditional third-order time-implicit Godunov DVM (GDVM) and the recently developed discrete unified gas-kinetic scheme (DUGKS) are analysed in finding steady-state solutions of the force-driven Poiseuille and lid-driven cavity flows. With the molecular collision and free streaming being treated simultaneously, the DUGKS preserves the second-order accuracy in the spatial and temporal discretizations in all flow regimes. Towards the hydrodynamic flow regime, the DUGKS is not only faster than the GDVM when using the same spatial mesh, but also requires less spatial resolution than that of the GDVM to achieve the same numerical accuracy. From the slip to free molecular flow regimes, however, the DUGKS is slower than the GDVM, due to the complicated flux evaluation and the time step is less than the maximum effective time step of the GDVM. Therefore, the DUGKS is preferable for problems involving different flow regimes, particularly when the hydrodynamic flow regime is dominant. For highly rarefied gas flows, if the steady-state solution is concerned, the implicit DVM, which can boost the convergence significantly, is a better choice.