Measuring the core rotation of red giant stars

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new automated method to measure the core rotation of red giant stars using oscillation spectra analysis, enabling large-scale studies of angular momentum transport in stellar evolution.

Contribution

We developed a robust, efficient technique based on spectral stretching and Hough transform to automatically measure core rotation in red giants from space-based data.

Findings

Validated method on red giant branch stars with complex spectra

Enabled measurement of core rotation for large stellar samples

Facilitated insights into angular momentum transport mechanisms

Abstract

Red giant stars present mixed modes, which behave as pressure modes in the convective envelope and as gravity modes in the radiative interior. This mixed character allows to probe the physical conditions in their core. With the advent of long-duration time series from space-borne missions such as CoRoT and Kepler, it becomes possible to study the red giant core rotation. As more than 15 000 red giant light curves have been recorded, it is crucial to develop a robust and efficient method to measure this rotation. Such measurements of thousands of mean core rotation would open the way to a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms that are able to transport angular momentum from the core to the envelope in red giants. In this work, we detail the principle of the method we developed to obtain automatic measurements of the red giant mean core rotation. This method is based on the stretching of the oscillation spectra and on the use of the so-called Hough transform. We finally validate this method for stars on the red giant branch, where overlapping rotational splittings and mixed-mode spacings produce complicated frequency spectra.