The long-term evolution of stellar activity

TL;DR

This paper reviews how low-mass stars' magnetic activity and emissions evolve over billions of years, highlighting the relationship with stellar rotation and magnetism from early stages to solar age.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the long-term evolution of stellar activity, linking observational data with theoretical understanding across stellar lifespans.

Findings

Coronal and chromospheric emissions decrease over time.

Rotation-activity relation emerges in young clusters.

Magnetic activity correlates with stellar rotation rates.

Abstract

I review the evolution of low-mass stars with outer convective zones over timescales of millions-to-billions of years, from the pre-main sequence to solar-age, ~4.6 Gyr (Bahcall et al. 1995; Amelin et al. 2010), and beyond. I discuss the evolution of high-energy coronal and chromospheric emission, the links with stellar rotation and magnetism, and the emergence of the rotation-activity relation for stars within young clusters.