Split Q-Balls

TL;DR

This paper explores novel Q-ball solutions in a k-field model with a fourth-order derivative term, revealing stable, split charge and energy density profiles in (1, 1) dimensions.

Contribution

It introduces a new class of analytical, stable Q-ball solutions in a k-field model with higher-order derivatives, demonstrating split density profiles.

Findings

Analytical Q-ball solutions with split profiles

Stable quantum mechanical properties of the solutions

Novel behavior due to the fourth-order derivative term

Abstract

We investigate the presence of non-topological solutions of the Q-ball type in (1, 1) spacetime dimensions. The model engenders the global U(1) symmetry and is of the k-field type, since it contains a new term, of the fourth-order power in the derivative of the complex scalar field. It supports analytical solution of the Q-ball type which is stable quantum mechanically. The new solution engenders an interesting behavior, with the charge and energy densities unveiling a splitting profile.