Nucleon tomography. What can we do better today than Rutherford 100 years ago?

TL;DR

This paper reviews the advancements in 3D nucleon tomography, highlighting recent theoretical and experimental progress that surpasses Rutherford's early atomic models, and discusses future prospects for detailed nucleon imaging.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive survey of current techniques and future directions in 3D nucleon tomography, emphasizing recent theoretical developments and experimental capabilities.

Findings

Enhanced spatial imaging of nucleons achieved

Progress in lattice computations of charge and spin distributions

Forthcoming experiments will enable multi-dimensional nucleon maps

Abstract

A survey is presented on the current status of 3D nucleon tomography. Several research frontiers are addressed that dominate modern physics from theory to current and future experiments. We have now a much more detailed spatial image of the nucleon thanks to various theoretical concepts and methods to describe its charge distribution and spin decomposition which are highlighted here. The progress of lattice computations of these quantities is reported and the prospects of what we can come to expect in the near future are discussed. Multi-dimensional maps of the nucleon's partonic structure appear now within reach of forthcoming experiments.