Theoretical Origin of CP violation in the FCNC-free 2HDM and Its Extensions to the Standard Model and 3HDM

TL;DR

This paper presents a new analytical framework for quark-mass matrices in multi-Higgs models that naturally explains CP violation and accurately fits experimental CKM data with minimal parameters.

Contribution

It introduces a revised, symmetry-free pattern for quark-mass matrices in 2HDM, extending the approach to the Standard Model and 3HDM, advancing the theoretical understanding of CP violation.

Findings

Derived CKM matrix depends on at most four parameters.

Tree-level fit to empirical CKM elements with accuracy of about 1%.

Enhanced fit accuracy to about 0.01% with fine-tuning.

Abstract

In this manuscript, a general FCNC-free and CP-violating pattern of quark-mass matrices in the 2HDM derived in our previous investigations is revised. This revised pattern is to be diagonalized analytically with no symmetries imposed. The unitary transformation matrices thus derived depend on only two parameters in each quark type and subsequently lead to a CKM matrix which depends on at most four parameters. The fitting of theoretically derived CKM elements and their corresponding empirical values are as good as ${\bf O}(10^{-2})$ at tree-level. In a phenomenological way which imposes several fine-tuning parameters into the CKM matrix suitably, the fitting is further improved to ${\bf O}(10^{-4})$. After the derivation, we find this hypothesis also applies to the Standard Model and even a model with three Higgs doublets. This will be a big progress in the derivation of a theoretical origin of CP violation.