Relativistic Dynamics and Mass Exchange in Binary Black Hole Mini-Disks

TL;DR

This paper explores relativistic gas dynamics near binary black holes, revealing how relativistic effects influence gas behavior, disk structures, and potential observable signals during inspiral close to merger.

Contribution

It provides the first 2D hydrodynamical analysis of relativistic effects on gas dynamics in binary black hole systems near merger.

Findings

Relativistic effects cause mini-disks to stretch toward the L1 point.

Gas exchange between mini-disks increases sharply as separation decreases.

Relativistic effects introduce an m=1 component to spiral waves, dominating at small separations.

Abstract

We present the first exploration of relativistic gas dynamics in the immediate vicinity of binary black holes as the system inspirals close to merger in the gravitational radiation-driven regime. We focus on 2D hydrodynamical studies of comparable-mass, non-spinning systems. Relativistic effects alter the dynamics of gas in this environment in several ways. Because the gravitational potential between the two black holes becomes shallower than in the Newtonian regime, the mini-disks stretch toward the L1 point and the amount of gas passing back and forth between the mini-disks increases sharply with decreasing binary separation. This "sloshing" is quasi-periodically modulated at $2$ and $2.75$ times the binary orbital frequency, corresponding to timescales of hours to days for supermassive binary black holes. In addition, relativistic effects add an $m=1$ component to the tidally-driven spiral waves in the disks that are purely $m=2$ in Newtonian gravity; this component becomes dominant when the separation is $\lesssim 100$ gravitational radii. Both the sloshing and the spiral waves have the potential to create distinctive radiation features that may uniquely mark supermassive binary black holes in the relativistic regime.