Slowly varying, macroscale models emerge from microscale dynamics over multiscale domains

TL;DR

This paper introduces a rigorous multiscale modeling approach for physical systems with large in some directions and thin in others, using Taylor series and centre manifold theory to derive accurate, global emergent dynamics with error estimates.

Contribution

It develops a new multiscale modeling method combining Taylor series and centre manifold theory for systems with large and thin dimensions, enabling accurate, global emergent dynamics analysis.

Findings

Provides a rigorous framework for multiscale modeling of thin-large domain systems.

Offers quantitative error estimates for the emergent models.

Demonstrates practical application through two example systems.

Abstract

Many physical systems are well described on domains which are relatively large in some directions but relatively thin in other directions. In this scenario we typically expect the system to have emergent structures that vary slowly over the large dimensions. For practical mathematical modelling of such systems we require efficient and accurate methodologies for reducing the dimension of the original system and extracting the emergent dynamics. Common mathematical approximations for determining the emergent dynamics often rely on self-consistency arguments or limits as the aspect ratio of the 'large' and 'thin' dimensions becomes unphysically infinite. Here we build on a new approach, previously establish for systems which are large in only one dimension, which analyses the dynamics at each cross-section of the domain with a rigorous multivariate Taylor series. Then centre manifold theory supports the local modelling of the system's emergent dynamics with coupling to neighbouring cross-sections treated as a non-autonomous forcing. The union over all cross-sections then provides powerful support for the existence and emergence of a centre manifold model global in the large finite domain. Quantitative error estimates are determined from the interactions between the cross-section coupling and both fast and slow dynamics. Two examples provide practical details of our methodology. The approach developed here may be used to quantify the accuracy of known approximations, to extend such approximations to mixed order modelling, and to open previously intractable modelling issues to new tools and insights.