Analysis of the X-ray spectrum of the hot bubble of BD+30{\deg}3639

TL;DR

This paper models the X-ray spectrum of the hot bubble in BD+30{ extdegree}3639 using self-similar wind-blown bubble solutions with thermal conduction, revealing chemical stratification and neon enrichment.

Contribution

It introduces a self-consistent model for wind-blown bubbles with thermal conduction and chemical discontinuities, improving spectral analysis accuracy.

Findings

Heat-conducting bubble models better fit observed spectra than constant temperature models.

The hot bubble is chemically stratified with a small amount of hydrogen-rich matter.

Neon is significantly enriched, with a mass fraction of at least 0.06.

Abstract

We developed a model for wind-blown bubbles with temperature and density profiles based on self-similar solutions including thermal conduction. We constructed also heat-conduction bubbles with chemical discontinuities. The X-ray emission is computed using the well-documented CHIANTI code (v6.0.1). These bubble models are used to (re)analyse the high-resolution X-ray spectrum of the hot bubble of BD+30{\deg}3639, and they appeared to be much superior to constant temperature approaches. We found for the X-ray emission of BD+30{\deg}3639 that temperature-sensitive and abundance-sensitive line ratios computed on the basis of heat-conducting wind-blown bubbles and with abundances as found in the stellar photosphere/wind can only be reconciled with the observations if the hot bubble of BD+30{\deg}3639 is chemically stratified, i.e. if it contains also a small mass fraction ($\simeq$ 3 %) of hydrogen-rich matter immediately behind the conduction front. Neon appears to be strongly enriched, with a mass fraction of at least about 0.06.