Gamma Ray Burst Prompt correlations

TL;DR

This paper reviews observational correlations in gamma-ray burst prompt emissions, discussing their physical basis, potential as redshift estimators, and challenges in standardizing GRBs as cosmological tools.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of two-parameter correlations in GRB prompt emissions and their evolution over the past 20 years, highlighting recent advances and challenges.

Findings

GRB correlations can help discriminate emission models

GRBs have potential as high-redshift standard candles

Significant progress made in the last two decades

Abstract

The mechanism responsible for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still a debated issue. The prompt phase-related GRB correlations can allow to discriminate among the most plausible theoretical models explaining this emission. We present an overview of the observational two-parameter correlations, their physical interpretations, their use as redshift estimators and possibly as cosmological tools. The nowadays challenge is to make GRBs, the farthest stellar-scaled objects observed (up to redshift $z=9.4$), standard candles through well established and robust correlations. However, GRBs spanning several orders of magnitude in their energetics are far from being standard candles. We describe the advances in the prompt correlation research in the past decades, with particular focus paid to the discoveries in the last 20 years.