Exact $P_s T_d$ Invariant and $P_s T_d$ Symmetric Breaking solutions, Symmetry Reductions and B\"{a}cklund Transformations For An AB-KdV System

TL;DR

This paper constructs and analyzes an AB-KdV system with shifted-parity and delayed time reversal symmetries, providing exact solutions, symmetry reductions, and Bäcklund transformations to explore its rich structure and physical implications.

Contribution

It introduces a nonlocal AB-KdV system with novel symmetry properties and derives exact solutions, including invariant and symmetry-breaking cases, along with a Bäcklund transformation for interaction solutions.

Findings

Existence of $P_s T_d$ invariant solutions indicating correlated events.

Rich solution structures including solitons and soliton-cnoidal interactions.

A Bäcklund transformation for generating interaction solutions.

Abstract

In natural and social science, many events happened at different space-times may be closely correlated. Two events, A (Alice) and B (Bob) are defined as correlated if one event is determined by another, say, $B=\hat{f} A$ for suitable $\hat{f}$ operators. A nonlocal AB-KdV system with shifted-parity ($P_s$, parity with a shift), delayed time reversal ($T_d$, time reversal with a delay) symmetry where $B=\hat{P_s}\hat{T_d} A$ is constructed directly from the normal KdV equation to describe two-area physical event. The exact solutions of the AB-KdV system, including $P_s T_d$ invariant and $P_s T_d$ symmetric breaking solutions are shown by different methods. The $P_s T_d$ invariant solution show that the event happened at $A$ will happen also at $B$. These solutions, such as single soliton solutions, infinitely many singular soliton solutions, soliton-cnoidal wave interaction solutions, and symmetry reduction solutions etc., show the AB-KdV system possesses rich structures. Also, a special B\"{a}cklund transformation related to residual symmetry is presented via the localization of the residual symmetry to find interaction solutions between the solitons and other types of the AB-KdV system.