BPS Boojums in N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories II

TL;DR

This paper investigates complex BPS solitons in N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories, confirming boojums behave as fractional magnetic monopoles, and explores their properties, extensions, and dual configurations through numerical and theoretical analyses.

Contribution

It introduces a magnetic scalar potential framework, studies semi-local boojums and dyonic solutions, and connects these phenomena with brane actions, advancing understanding of composite solitons in supersymmetric theories.

Findings

Boojum acts as a fractional magnetic monopole.

Dyonic domain walls behave as electric capacitors.

Semi-local boojums have additional size moduli.

Abstract

We continue our study of 1/4 Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) composite solitons of vortex strings, domain walls and boojums in N=2 supersymmetric Abelian gauge theories in four dimensions. In this work, we numerically confirm that a boojum appearing at an end point of a string on a thick domain wall behaves as a magnetic monopole with a fractional charge in three dimensions. We introduce a "magnetic" scalar potential whose gradient gives magnetic fields. Height of the magnetic potential has a geometrical meaning that is shape of the domain wall. We find a semi-local extension of boojum which has an additional size moduli at an end point of a semi-local string on the domain wall. Dyonic solutions are also studied and we numerically confirm that the dyonic domain wall becomes an electric capacitor storing opposite electric charges on its skins. At the same time, the boojum becomes fractional dyon whose charge density is proportional to ${\vec E} \cdot {\vec B}$. We also study dual configurations with an infinite number of boojums and anti-boojums on parallel lines and analyze the ability of domain walls to store magnetic charge as magnetic capacitors. In understanding these phenomena, the magnetic scalar potential plays an important role. We study the composite solitons from the viewpoints of the Nambu-Goto and Dirac-Born-Infeld actions, and find the semi-local BIon as the counterpart of the semi-local Boojum.