Fractional Order AGC for Distributed Energy Resources Using Robust Optimization

TL;DR

This paper explores fractional order automatic generation control for power systems with distributed energy resources, using robust optimization to enhance system stability under uncertain communication delays and parameter variations.

Contribution

It introduces a robust optimization-based tuning method for fractional order AGC in distributed energy systems, comparing its performance with integer order controllers and addressing uncertainties.

Findings

Robust optimization improves controller gain and order variation tolerance.

Fractional order controllers outperform integer order ones in system robustness.

The method effectively handles communication delays and system uncertainties.

Abstract

The applicability of fractional order (FO) automatic generation control (AGC) for power system frequency oscillation damping is investigated in this paper, employing distributed energy generation. The hybrid power system employs various autonomous generation systems like wind turbine, solar photovoltaic, diesel engine, fuel-cell and aqua electrolyzer along with other energy storage devices like the battery and flywheel. The controller is placed in a remote location while receiving and sending signals over an unreliable communication network with stochastic delay. The controller parameters are tuned using robust optimization techniques employing different variants of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and are compared with the corresponding optimal solutions. An archival based strategy is used for reducing the number of function evaluations for the robust optimization methods. The solutions obtained through the robust optimization are able to handle higher variation in the controller gains and orders without significant decrease in the system performance. This is desirable from the FO controller implementation point of view, as the design is able to accommodate variations in the system parameter which may result due to the approximation of FO operators, using different realization methods and order of accuracy. Also a comparison is made between the FO and the integer order (IO) controllers to highlight the merits and demerits of each scheme.