Newtonian black holes: Particle production, "Hawking" temperature, entropies and entropy field equations

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that simplified Newtonian gravity, combined with basic quantum ideas, can replicate key black hole phenomena such as particle production, temperature, entropy, and field equations, providing a classical perspective on black hole thermodynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a Newtonian framework that reproduces black hole thermodynamic properties and derives Newtonian field equations from entropy considerations, bridging classical gravity and quantum concepts.

Findings

Reproduces Hawking temperature in Newtonian context

Derives Bekenstein entropy from Newtonian principles

Extends analysis to higher-order Newtonian theories

Abstract

Newtonian gravitation with some slight modifications, along with some highly simplified ideas from quantum field theory allow us to reproduce, at least at the level of back-of-the-envelope calculations, many results of black hole physics. We consider particle production by a black hole, the Newtonian equivalent of the Hawking temperature, and the Bekenstein entropy. Also, we are able to deduce Newtonian field equations from entropy. We finally study higher-order Newtonian theories under the same assumptions used for ordinary Newtonian theory. In a companion article we will look at entropic forces for various entropies and make contact with our analysis of higher-order Newtonian theories.