A search for long-timescale, low-frequency radio transients

TL;DR

This study searches for long-timescale, low-frequency radio transients by comparing two large sky surveys over 1-3 years, identifying a likely real transient source and demonstrating the reliability of the catalogs.

Contribution

It introduces a method to identify long-term radio transients by cross-matching large sky surveys, revealing a candidate transient and assessing catalog reliability.

Findings

Identified one likely real transient source at 147.5 MHz.

Estimated transient surface density as approximately 6.2 x 10^-5 deg^-2.

Demonstrated high reliability of the new low-frequency radio catalogs.

Abstract

We present a search for transient and highly variable sources at low radio frequencies (150-200 MHz) that explores long timescales of 1-3 years. We conducted this search by comparing the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey Alternative Data Release 1 (TGSS ADR1) and the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey catalogues. To account for the different completeness thresholds in the individual surveys, we searched for compact GLEAM sources above a flux density limit of 100 mJy that were not present in the TGSS ADR1; and also for compact TGSS ADR1 sources above a flux density limit of 200 mJy that had no counterpart in GLEAM. From a total sample of 234 333 GLEAM sources and 275 612 TGSS ADR1 sources in the overlap region between the two surveys, there were 99658 GLEAM sources and 38 978 TGSS ADR sources that passed our flux density cutoff and compactness criteria. Analysis of these sources resulted in three candidate transient sources. Further analysis ruled out two candidates as imaging artefacts. We analyse the third candidate and show it is likely to be real, with a flux density of 182 +/- 26 mJy at 147.5 MHz. This gives a transient surface density of rho = (6.2 +/- 6) x 10-5 deg-2 . We present initial follow-up observations and discuss possible causes for this candidate. The small number of spurious sources from this search demonstrates the high reliability of these two new low-frequency radio catalogues.