Functionality-directed Screening of Pb-free Hybrid Organic-inorganic Perovskites with Desired Intrinsic Photovoltaic Functionalities

TL;DR

This study uses a theoretical screening approach with first-principles calculations to identify promising Pb-free hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites with intrinsic photovoltaic functionalities, aiming to improve stability and environmental safety.

Contribution

It introduces a functionality-directed screening method to identify Pb-free perovskites with potential for enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability.

Findings

Identified 14 Ge and Sn-based perovskites with promising photovoltaic properties.

Discovered a new class of compounds with NH3COH$^+$ organic molecules affecting band edges.

Provided insights on how composition and structure influence photovoltaic properties.

Abstract

The material class of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites has risen rapidly from a virtually unknown material in photovoltaic applications a short 7 years ago into a ~20% efficient thin-film solar cell material. As promising as this class of materials is, however, there are limitations associated with its poor long-term stability, non-optimal band gap, presence of environmentally-toxic Pb element, etc. We herein apply a functionality-directed theoretical materials selection approach as a filter for initial screening of the compounds that satisfy the desired intrinsic photovoltaic functionalities and might overcome the above limitations. First-principles calculations are employed to systemically study thermodynamic stability and photovoltaic-related properties of hundred of candidate hybrid perovskites. We have identified in this materials selection process fourteen Ge and Sn-based materials with potential superior bulk-material-intrinsic photovoltaic performance. A distinct class of compounds containing NH3COH$^+$ with the organic molecule derived states intriguingly emerging at band-edges is found. Comparison of various candidate materials offers insights on how composition variation and microscopic structural changes affect key photovoltaic relevant properties in this family of materials.