Carnot's theorem and Szil\'ard engine

TL;DR

This paper explores the fundamental connection between Carnot and Szilard engines, revealing that both operate on lossless information-to-work conversion, leading to a generalized Carnot's theorem applicable to broader thermodynamic contexts.

Contribution

It establishes a unified physical framework linking Carnot and Szilard engines through information theory, extending Carnot's theorem to include information as a resource.

Findings

Carnot and Szilard engines share the same physical essence.

Available information can be fully converted into work.

A generalized Carnot's theorem encompasses broader thermodynamic processes.

Abstract

In this work, the relationship between Carnot engine and Szil\'ard engine was discussed. By defining the available information about the temperature difference between two heat reservoirs, the Carnot engine was found to have a same physical essence with Szil\'ard engine: lossless conversion of available information. Thus, a generalized Carnot's theorem for wider scope of application can be described as "all the available information is 100% coded into work".