A (gravitational) toy story
W. Barreto, H. P. de Oliveira, B. Rodriguez-Mueller

TL;DR
This paper uses simplified models to explore black hole formation and critical phenomena, confirming a mass gap conjecture and discovering a larger critical exponent, with implications for understanding gravitational collapse.
Contribution
It refines a toy model to analyze black hole formation and critical behavior, revealing a larger critical exponent and confirming a mass gap conjecture.
Findings
Confirmed a mass gap conjecture in gravitational collapse.
Discovered a critical exponent twice the standard value.
Observed similar critical behavior in anti-de Sitter spacetimes.
Abstract
Frequently in Physics, insights and conclusions can be drawn from simple, idealized models. The discovery of critical behavior in the gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field leads to the simulation of binary black holes, from its coalescence to merging and ringdown. We refined a toy model to explore black hole formation as these events unfold to revisit the instability of a gravitational kink. We confirmed a conjecture related to a mass gap, for critical behavior at the threshold of black hole formation. We find a critical exponent twice the standard value. Surprisingly, this larger critical exponent is also present in the multiple critical behavior for the black hole formation from a massless scalar field in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes. What is the meaning of this mass gap? Does it have physical relevance?
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