The evolution of white dwarfs resulting from helium-enhanced, low-metallicity progenitor stars

TL;DR

This paper presents comprehensive evolutionary models for white dwarfs originating from helium-enhanced, low-metallicity progenitors, highlighting differences in final masses, cooling times, and pulsational properties compared to standard helium models.

Contribution

It provides the first consistent set of evolutionary tracks for white dwarfs from helium-rich progenitors, exploring their evolution, cooling, and pulsational characteristics.

Findings

Helium-rich progenitors produce more massive white dwarfs.

Progenitors below 0.65 M_sun evolve into helium-core white dwarfs within 14 Gyr.

Helium-core white dwarfs cool faster than standard models.

Abstract

Some globular clusters host multiple stellar populations with different chemical abundance patterns. This is particularly true for $\omega$ Centauri, which shows clear evidence of a helium- enriched sub-population characterized by a helium abundance as high as $Y= 0.4$. We present a whole and consistent set of evolutionary tracks from the ZAMS to the white dwarf stage appropriate for the study of the formation and evolution of white dwarfs resulting from the evolution of helium-rich progenitors. Different issues of the white dwarf evolution and their helium-rich progenitors have been explored. In particular, the final mass of the remnants, the role of overshooting during the thermally-pulsing phase, and the cooling of the resulting white dwarfs differ markedly from the evolutionary predictions of progenitor stars with standard initial helium abundance. Finally, the pulsational properties of the resulting white dwarfs are also explored. We find that, for the range of initial masses explored in this paper, the final mass of the helium-rich progenitors is markedly larger than the final mass expected from progenitors with the usual helium abundance. We also find that progenitors with initial mass smaller than $M_\star \simeq 0.65\,M_\odot$ evolve directly into helium-core white dwarfs in less than 14~Gyr, and that for larger progenitor masses the evolution of the resulting low-mass carbon-oxygen white dwarfs is dominated by residual nuclear burning. For helium-core white dwarfs, we find that they evolve markedly faster than their counterparts coming from standard progenitors. Also, in contrast with what occurs for white dwarfs resulting from progenitors with the standard helium abundance, the impact of residual burning on the cooling time of white dwarfs is not affected by the occurrence of overshooting during the thermally-pulsing phase of progenitor stars.