From the Quantum Transfer Matrix to the Quench Action: The Loschmidt echo in $XXZ$ Heisenberg spin chains

TL;DR

This paper develops a method using the Quantum Transfer Matrix to compute the Loschmidt echo in the XXZ Heisenberg spin chain after quantum quenches, connecting it with the quench action approach and deriving new Bethe ansatz distributions.

Contribution

It introduces a unified QTM-based framework for real and imaginary time dynamics in the XXZ chain, linking it with the quench action method and deriving new distribution functions.

Findings

Derived generalized TBA equations from QTM for arbitrary imaginary time.

Established the connection between QTM approach and quench action method.

Provided new Bethe ansatz distribution functions for specific initial states.

Abstract

We consider the computation of the Loschmidt echo after quantum quenches in the interacting $XXZ$ Heisenberg spin chain both for real and imaginary times. We study two-site product initial states, focusing in particular on the N\'eel and tilted N\'eel states. We apply the Quantum Transfer Matrix (QTM) approach to derive generalized TBA equations, which follow from the fusion hierarchy of the appropriate QTM's. Our formulas are valid for arbitrary imaginary time and for real times at least up to a time $t_0$, after which the integral equations have to be modified. In some regimes, $t_0$ is seen to be either very large or infinite, allowing to explore in detail the post-quench dynamics of the system. As an important part of our work, we show that for the N\'eel state our imaginary time results can be recovered by means of the quench action approach, unveiling a direct connection with the quantum transfer matrix formalism. In particular, we show that in the zero-time limit, the study of our TBA equations allows for a simple alternative derivation of the recently obtained Bethe ansatz distribution functions for the N\'eel, tilted N\'eel and tilted ferromagnet states.