Temperature dependence of the energy barrier and switching field of magnetic islands with perpendicular anisotropy

TL;DR

This study measures the temperature dependence of the energy barrier and switching field of magnetic islands with perpendicular anisotropy using anomalous Hall effect, revealing the importance of temperature-dependent properties for data storage applications.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel model to accurately determine the zero-temperature switching field and energy barrier from temperature-dependent fluctuation measurements.

Findings

Extrapolated zero-temperature energy barrier overestimates actual barrier by more than two times.

Measuring fluctuations at application temperature yields more accurate fundamental parameters.

Temperature dependence significantly affects the energy barrier and switching field estimations.

Abstract

Using the highly sensitive anomalous Hall effect (AHE) we have been able to measure the reversal of a single magnetic island, of diameter 220nm, in an array consisting of more than 80 of those islands. By repeatedly traversing the hysteresis loop, we measured the thermally actuated fluctuation of the switching field of the islands at the lower and higher ends of the switching field distribution. Based on a novel easy-to-use model, we determined the switching field in the absence of thermal activation, and the energy barrier in the absence of an external field from these fluctuations. By measuring the reversal of individual dots in the array as a function of temperature, we extrapolated the switching field and energy barrier down to 0K. The extrapolated values are not identical to those obtained from the fluctation of the switching field at room temperature, because the properties of the magnetic material are temperature dependent. As a result, extrapolating from temperature dependent measurements overestimates the energy barrier by more than a factor of two. To determine fundamental parameters of the energy barrier between magnetisation states, measuring the fluctuation of the reversal field at the temperature of application is therefore to be preferred. This is of primary importance to applications in data storagea and magnetic logic. For instance in fast switching, where the switching field in the absence of thermal activation plays a major role, or in long term data stability, which is determined by the energy barrier in the absence of an external field.