Controlling and observing nonseparability of phonons created in time-dependent 1D atomic Bose condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates how temporal changes in 1D atomic Bose condensates affect phonon entanglement and nonseparability, proposing measurement methods to assess these quantum properties in experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of phonon spectrum and entanglement dynamics during trap variations, with practical measurement strategies for nonseparability.

Findings

Density-density correlations reveal phonon nonseparability after trap changes

Adiabaticity influences the nonseparability of the final atomic state

Measurements can be simplified to commuting observables

Abstract

We study the spectrum and entanglement of phonons produced by temporal changes in homogeneous one-dimensional atomic condensates. To characterize the experimentally accessible changes, we first consider the dynamics of the condensate when varying the radial trapping frequency, separately studying two regimes: an adiabatic one and an oscillatory one. Working in momentum space, we then show that in situ measurements of the density-density correlation function can be used to assess the nonseparability of the phonon state after such changes. We also study time-of-flight (TOF) measurements, paying particular attention to the role played by the adiabaticity of opening the trap on the nonseparability of the final state of atoms. In both cases, we emphasize that commuting measurements can suffice to assess nonseparability. Some recent observations are analyzed, and we make proposals for future experiments.