Prospects of Establishing the Origin of Cosmic Neutrinos using Source Catalogs

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new method to identify the origins of cosmic neutrinos using source catalogs, demonstrating that IceCube-Gen2 can statistically determine their sources even for challenging populations with precise directional reconstruction.

Contribution

It introduces a source-type classification technique utilizing source catalogs and analyzes how detector properties influence source identification capabilities.

Findings

IceCube-Gen2 can identify sources with ~0.3° directional accuracy.

Source catalogs up to 100 Mpc are sufficient for challenging source types.

Detector properties significantly affect source identification success.

Abstract

The cosmic neutrino flux recently discovered by IceCube will be instrumental in probing the highest-energy astrophysical processes. Nevertheless, the origin of these neutrinos is still unknown. While it would be more straightforward to identify a transient, or galactic source class, finding a population of distant, continuous sources is challenging. We introduce a source-type classification technique that incorporates all available information from catalogs of source candidates. We show that IceCube-Gen2 can statistically establish the origin of cosmic neutrinos even for the most challenging source populations--starburst galaxies, AGN or galaxy clusters, if neutrino track directions can be reconstructed with a precision ~$0.3^\circ$. We further show that source catalog out to ~100 Mpc can be sufficient for the most challenging source types, allowing for more straightforward source surveys. We also characterize the role of detector properties, namely angular resolution, size and veto power in order to understand the effects of IceCube-Gen2's design specifics.