Solar Energetic Particle Events with Protons above 500 MeV between 1995 and 2015 Measured with SOHO/EPHIN

TL;DR

This study analyzes 42 solar energetic particle events with protons above 500 MeV from 1995 to 2015 using SOHO/EPHIN data, exploring their spectral properties and relation to ground level enhancements and neutron monitor observations.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive list and analysis of high-energy SEP events with spectral fitting and correlations to neutron monitor data, enhancing understanding of space weather phenomena.

Findings

Identified 42 SEP events with protons >500 MeV.

Found correlation between 500 MeV intensity and neutron monitor increases.

Analyzed spectral slopes and event characteristics in relation to GLEs.

Abstract

The Sun is an effective particle accelerator producing solar energetic particle (SEP) events during which particles up to several GeVs can be observed. Those events observed at Earth with the neutron monitor network are called ground level enhancements (GLEs). Although these events with a high energy component have been investigated for several decades, a clear relation between the spectral shape of the SEPs outside the Earth's magnetosphere and the increase in neutron monitor count rate has yet to be established. Hence, an analysis of these events is of interest for the space weather as well as the solar event community. In this work, SEP events with protons accelerated to above 500 MeV have been identified using data from the Electron Proton Helium Instrument (EPHIN) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) between 1995 and 2015. For a statistical analysis, onset times have been determined for the events and the proton energy spectra were derived and fitted with a power law. As a result, a list of 42 SEP events with protons accelerated to above 500 MeV measured with the EPHIN instrument onboard SOHO is presented. The statistical analysis based on the fitted spectral slopes and absolute intensities is discussed with special emphasis on whether or not an event has been observed as GLE. Furthermore, a correlation between the derived intensity at 500 MeV and the observed increase in neutron monitor count rate has been found for a subset of events.