Quasi-atomic three- and four-body systems with muonium

TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties and stability of muonium-based few-body systems, including ions and quasi-molecules, providing new insights into their structure, annihilation processes, and hyperfine interactions.

Contribution

It introduces detailed calculations and analysis of the bound states, annihilation, and hyperfine structure of muonium-related systems, highlighting their unique intermediate nature between molecules and atoms.

Findings

Mu$^{-}$ and MuPs systems each have only one stable ground state.

The hyperfine splitting of MuPs ground state is approximately 23.05758 MHz.

Quasi-molecules involving muons and electrons occupy an intermediate position between molecules and atoms.

Abstract

Properties of some few-body systems which include one positively charged muon $\mu^{+}$ and two electrons $e^{-}$ are discussed. In particular, we consider the negatively charged muonium ion Mu$^{-}$ (or $\mu^{+} e^{-}_{2}$) and four-body MuPs (or $\mu^{+} e^{-}_{2} e^{+}$) systems each of which has only one stable bound (ground) state. The problem of annihilation of the electron-positron pair(s) in the MuPs system is investigated. The hyperfine structure splitting of the ground state in the MuPs system evaluated with our expectation value of the muon-positron delta-function is $\Delta \approx$ 23.05758 $MHz$. Another group of interesting four-body neutral systems investigated in this study includes the $p^{+} \mu^{+} e^{-}_2, d^{+} \mu^{+} e^{-}_2$ and $t^{+} \mu^{+} e^{-}_2$ `quasi-molecules'. These quasi-molecules are formed in large numbers when positively charged muons slow down in liquid hydrogen, or in liquid deuterium and/or tritium. The properties of these systems are unique, since they occupy an intermediate position between actual two-center molecules and one-center atoms.