Space weather research and forecast in USA

TL;DR

This paper reviews the development, current state, and future plans of space weather research and forecasting in the USA, highlighting government agencies, modeling efforts, and international collaboration.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of US space weather research, including organizational structure, modeling efforts, and strategic plans for future development.

Findings

US space weather research is funded by NSF and NASA.

NOAA's SWPC provides operational space weather forecasts.

US has a strategic plan emphasizing international collaboration.

Abstract

In the United States, scientific research in space weather is funded by several Government Agencies including the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA). For commercial purposes, space weather forecast is made by the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Observations come from the network of groundbased observatories funded via various sources, as well as from the instruments on spacecraft. Numerical models used in forecast are developed in the framework of individual research projects. Later, the most promising models are selected for additional testing at SWPC. In order to increase the application of models in research and education, NASA in collaboration with other agencies created Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC). In mid-1990, US scientific community presented compelling evidence for developing the National Program on Space Weather, and in 1995, such program has been formally created. In 2015, the National Council on Science and Technology issued two documents: the National Space Weather Strategy [1] and the Action Plan [2]. In the near future, these two documents will define the development of Space Weather research and forecasting activity in USA. Both documents emphasize the need for close international collaboration in area of space weather.