Singularity-free model of electrically charged fermionic particles and gauged Q-balls

TL;DR

This paper introduces a regularized, finite-sized model of an electrically charged fermion interacting with a physical vacuum described as a logarithmic superfluid, providing insights into particle properties and potential applications to gauged Q-balls.

Contribution

It presents a novel, regular localized solution for charged fermions within a vacuum modeled as a logarithmic superfluid, incorporating both analytical and numerical analysis.

Findings

Solution has finite size, charge, and mass.

Electric field follows Coulomb asymptotics at large distances.

Model applicable to exotic objects like gauged Q-balls with half-integer spin.

Abstract

We propose a model of an electrically charged fermion as a regular localized solution of electromagnetic and spinor fields interacting with a physical vacuum, which is phenomenologically described as a logarithmic superfluid. We analytically study the asymptotic behavior of the solution, while obtaining its form by numerical methods. The solution has physically plausible properties, such as finite size, self-energy, total charge and mass. In the case of spherical symmetry, its electric field obeys the Coulomb asymptotics at large distances from its core. It is shown that the observable rest mass of the fermion arises as a result of interaction of the fields with the physical vacuum. The spinor and scalar field components of the solution decay exponentially outside the core; therefore they can be regarded as internal degrees of freedom which can only be probed at sufficiently large scales of energy and momentum. Apart from conventional Fermi particles, our model can find applications in a theory of exotic localized objects, such as U(1) gauged Q-balls with half-integer spin.