From Mirrors to Windows: Lyman-Alpha Radiative Transfer in a Very Clumpy Medium

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that Lyman-Alpha spectra from highly clumpy, multiphase gas geometries tend to resemble those from simple homogeneous models, offering a new way to study small-scale gas structures in distant galaxies.

Contribution

It reveals that extremely clumpy gas geometries produce Lyman-Alpha spectra similar to homogeneous models, resolving a long-standing paradox in spectral interpretation.

Findings

Clumpy geometries yield spectra similar to homogeneous models.

This convergence helps interpret Lyman-Alpha spectra in complex gas environments.

The approach enables studying small-scale gas structures in distant galaxies.

Abstract

Lyman-Alpha (Ly$\alpha$) is the strongest emission line in the Universe and is frequently used to detect and study the most distant galaxies. Because Lya is a resonant line, photons typically scatter prior to escaping; this scattering process complicates the interpretation of Ly$\alpha$ spectra, but also encodes a wealth of information about the structure and kinematics of neutral gas in the galaxy. Modeling the Ly$\alpha$ line therefore allows us to study tiny-scale features of the gas, even in the most distant galaxies. Curiously, observed Ly$\alpha$ spectra can be modeled successfully with very simple, homogeneous geometries (such as an expanding, spherical shell), whereas more realistic, multiphase geometries often fail to reproduce the observed spectra. This seems paradoxical since the gas in galaxies is known to be multiphase. In this Letter, we show that spectra emerging from extremely clumpy geometries with many clouds along the line of sight converge to the predictions from simplified, homogeneous models. We suggest that this resolves the apparent discrepancy, and may provide a way to study the gas structure in galaxies on scales far smaller than can be probed in either cosmological simulations or direct (i.e., spatially-resolved) observations.