Effects of $Z_b$ states and bottom meson loops on $\Upsilon(4S) \to \Upsilon(1S,2S) \pi^+\pi^-$ transitions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the effects of exotic $Z_b$ states and bottom meson loops on $$ transitions, revealing their comparable contributions and explaining features of the $$ decay spectra using dispersion theory and effective field theory.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of bottomonium transitions including exotic states and meson loops, providing explanations for spectral features and predictions for unmeasured decay channels.

Findings

Bottom meson loops contribute as much as $Z_b$ exchange in transitions.

Including $Z_b$ and meson loops reproduces the two-hump $$ spectra.

Predicted a narrow dip in the $$ invariant mass distribution around 1 GeV.

Abstract

We study the dipion transitions $\Upsilon(4S) \rightarrow \Upsilon(nS) \pi^+\pi^-$ $(n=1,2)$. In particular, we consider the effects of the two intermediate bottomoniumlike exotic states $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ as well as bottom meson loops. The strong pion-pion final-state interactions, especially including channel coupling to $K\bar{K}$ in the $S$-wave, are taken into account model-independently by using dispersion theory. Based on a nonrelativistic effective field theory we find that the contribution from the bottom meson loops is comparable to those from the chiral contact terms and the $Z_b$-exchange terms. For the $\Upsilon(4S) \rightarrow \Upsilon(2S) \pi^+\pi^-$ decay, the result shows that including the effects of the $Z_b$-exchange and the bottom meson loops can naturally reproduce the two-hump behavior of the $\pi\pi$ mass spectra. Future angular distribution data are decisive for the identification of different production mechanisms. For the $\Upsilon(4S) \rightarrow \Upsilon(1S) \pi^+\pi^-$ decay, we show that there is a narrow dip around 1 GeV in the $\pi\pi$ invariant mass distribution, caused by the final-state interactions. The distribution is clearly different from that in similar transitions from lower $\Upsilon$ states, and needs to be verified by future data with high statistics. Also we predict the decay width and the dikaon mass distribution of the $\Upsilon(4S) \rightarrow \Upsilon(1S) K^+ K^-$ process.