Observation of Quantum Criticality and Luttinger Liquid in One-dimensional Bose Gases

TL;DR

This paper experimentally explores quantum criticality and Luttinger liquid behavior in one-dimensional ultracold Bose gases, confirming theoretical predictions through measurements of density profiles, specific heat, and momentum distributions.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental observation of quantum critical scaling and Luttinger liquid characteristics in 1D Bose gases using ultracold atom techniques.

Findings

Universal scaling laws of thermodynamics observed

Quantum critical regime identified via specific heat analysis

Luttinger parameter measured through sound propagation

Abstract

We experimentally investigate the quantum criticality and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) behavior within one-dimensional (1D) ultracold atomic gases. Based on the measured density profiles at different temperatures, the universal scaling laws of thermodynamic quantities are observed. The quantum critical regime and the relevant crossover temperatures are determined through the double-peak structure of the specific heat. In the TLL regime, we obtain the Luttinger parameter by probing sound propagation. Furthermore, a characteristic power-law behavior emerges in the measured momentum distributions of the 1D ultracold gas, confirming the existence of the TLL.