Volume reflection and channeling of ultrarelativistic protons in germanium bent single crystals

TL;DR

This study investigates volume reflection and channeling of ultrarelativistic protons in germanium single crystals, demonstrating that accurate atomic potentials and Debye temperature choices enable good experimental agreement and universal descriptions across energies.

Contribution

The paper introduces a universal equation for volume reflection applicable over a wide energy range and provides predictions for reflection angles of particles in germanium crystals.

Findings

Good agreement with recent experiments achieved

Universal form of volume reflection equations proposed

Predictions made for reflection angles of positive and negative particles

Abstract

The paper devoted to investigation of volume reflection and channeling processes of ultrarela- tivistic positive charged particles moving in germanium single crystals. We demonstrate that the choice of atomic potential on the basis of Hartree-Fock method and correct choice of Debye tem- perature allow us to describe the above mentioned processes in a good agreement with the recent experiments. Moreover, the presented in the paper universal form of equations for volume reflection gives true description of the process at a wide range of particle energies. Standing on this study we make predictions for mean angle reflection (as a function of bending radius) of positive and negative particles for germanium (110) and (111) crystallographic planes.