On the IceCube spectral anomaly

TL;DR

This paper investigates the IceCube spectral anomaly by exploring multi-component models of cosmic neutrinos, including Galactic and extragalactic sources, and assesses their consistency with observational data and anisotropy predictions.

Contribution

It introduces a refined multi-component neutrino model with variable Galactic and extragalactic spectra, analyzing their implications for IceCube observations and anisotropy signals.

Findings

Galactic component with E^{-2.4} spectrum fits data better

Anisotropy in Southern sky events supports Galactic contribution

Isotropic models are disfavored by Northern sky muon neutrino data

Abstract

Recently it was noted that different IceCube datasets are not consistent with the same power law spectrum of the cosmic neutrinos: this is the IceCube spectral anomaly, that suggests that they observe a multicomponent spectrum. In this work, the main possibilities to enhance the description in terms of a single extragalactic neutrino component are examined. The hypothesis of a sizable contribution of Galactic high-energy neutrino events distributed as $E^{-2.7}$ [ApJ 826, 185 (2016)] is critically analyzed and its natural generalization is considered. The stability of the expectations is studied by introducing free parameters, motivated by theoretical considerations and observational facts. The upgraded model here examined has 1)~a Galactic component with different normalization and shape $E^{- 2.4}$; 2)~an extragalactic neutrino spectrum based on new data; 3)~a non-zero prompt component of atmospheric neutrinos. The two key predictions of the model concern the `high-energy starting events' collected from the Southern sky. The Galactic component produces a softer spectrum and a testable angular anisotropy. A second, radically different class of models, where the second component is instead isotropic, plausibly extragalactic and with a relatively soft spectrum, is disfavored instead by existing observations of muon neutrinos from the Northern sky and below few 100 TeV.