Effect of electromagnetic dipole dark matter on energy transport in the solar interior

TL;DR

This paper investigates how electromagnetic dipole dark matter models, specifically anapole and magnetic dipole interactions, can influence solar energy transport and potentially resolve discrepancies in solar models, despite experimental constraints.

Contribution

It introduces three dark matter models with electromagnetic dipole moments into stellar evolution simulations to assess their impact on solar structure and helioseismic observations.

Findings

Anapole and magnetic dipole dark matter improve solar sound-speed profiles.

Dark matter models can reconcile helioseismic data with solar models.

Required dipole moments are excluded by direct detection experiments.

Abstract

In recent years, a revised set of solar abundances has led to a discrepancy in the sound-speed profile between helioseismology and theoretical solar models. Conventional solutions require additional mechanisms for energy transport within the Sun. Vincent et al. have recently suggested that dark matter with a momentum or velocity dependent cross section could provide a solution. In this work, we consider three models of dark matter with such cross sections and their effect on the stellar structure. In particular, the three models incorporate dark matter particles interacting through an electromagnetic dipole moment: an electric dipole, a magnetic dipole or an anapole. Each model is implemented in the \texttt{DarkStec} stellar evolution program, which incorporates the effects of dark matter capture and heat transport within the solar interior. We show that dark matter with an anapole moment of $\sim1\mathrm{GeV}^{-2}$ or magnetic dipole moment of $\sim10^{-3}\mu_p$ can improve the sound-speed profile, small frequency separations and convective zone radius with respect to the Standard Solar Model. However, the required dipole moments are strongly excluded by direct detection experiments.