The focusing properties of both normal and superconducting low energy CW proton Linacs

TL;DR

This paper compares the focusing properties of normal and superconducting low energy CW proton linacs, analyzing their similarities, differences, and implications for beam dynamics in high current proton accelerators.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of focusing properties and beam dynamics constraints for normal and superconducting low energy CW proton linacs, highlighting their similarities and differences.

Findings

Focusing properties of both structures are quite similar despite different characteristics.

Normal and superconducting structures have distinct advantages and disadvantages.

Constraints on beam parameters vary depending on the lattice composition.

Abstract

The continue wave (CW) high current proton linac has wide applications as the front end of the high power proton machines. The low energy part is the most difficult one and there is no widely accepted solution yet. Both normal conducting and superconducting acceleration structures are thought to be the possible solutions. Although the characteristics of normal conducting structures and superconducting ones are quite different, such as acceleration voltage, maximum electric field and so on, we found the focusing properties of the lattice composed by these two acceleration structures are quite similar for different reasons. The advantages and disadvantages of lattices composed of both the normal conducting and superconducting structures are analysed from the beam dynamics point of view, and their constraints on beam main parameters are discussed.